Impact of Organisational Retrenchment Strategies on Job Satisfaction

Impact of Organisational Retrenchment Strategies on Job Satisfaction This mixed-methods study conducted a survey and a follow-up focus group with employees of the Uganda Public Service in order to ascertain the impact of asset retrenchment on job satisfaction. The Uganda Public Service has made a number of organizational moves, especially in recent years, to make non-productive and/or corrupt employees redundant and to bring greater efficiencies to the public sector by directing workers to where they fit best in the organization. Naturally, these retrenchment policies have created a lot of change. However, this study discovered that retrenched workers who remained in the Uganda Public Service was not less likely to be satisfied or motivated than non-affected colleagues. Moreover, job satisfaction for retrenched workers remained constant even when controlling for variables of age, gender, and education. The Uganda Public Service likely erred in pushing through retrenchment without a formal change management strategy, as this study found that employees who had not been properly informed and/or prepared for the change were substantially less likely to be satisfied than those workers who had been prepared. One plausible reason that retrenched workers were not dissatisfied by the changes brought about by resentment may have to do with Herzbergs (1966) Two-Factor theory, which posits that workers who are laboring for emotional satisfaction are more satisfied than those who strive for money alone. As the qualitative aspect of this study revealed, employees of the Uganda Public Service are highly likely to be providers for others, and therefore prize their jobs for giving them this ability to support others, even though retrenchment may bring change and stress. The conclusion is that Third World workforces may need to be approached via different theoretical means that are more sensitive to the non-hygienic aspects of Two-Factor Theory. Declaration of Originality I hereby declare that this thesis has been composed by myself and has not been presented or accepted in any previous application for a degree. The work, of which this is a record, has been carried out by myself unless otherwise stated and where the work is mine, it reflects personal views and values. All quotations have been distinguished by quotation marks and all sources of information have been acknowledged by means of references including those of the Internet. I agree that the University has the right to submit my work to the plagiarism detection service TurnitinUK ® for originality checks. Nastasia Michail February 10, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS 50 5.0 INTRODUCTION 50 5.1KEY FINDINGS 50 5.2 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 51 5.3MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS 52 5.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH 53 5.5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 54 5.6 CONCLUSION 55 REFERENCE LIST 63 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest appreciation to my advisor Professor Paul Tosey, for his guidance and critical eye during the dissertation process. Professor Tosey challenged me to think outside the box and kept me focused on the specific topic. Furthermore, I would like to thank my mother and father, Shah and Nazir, and my brother Nabeel for only being a phone call away and being able to cheer me up and motivate me when it counted the most. Finally, I would like to thank my friends who supported me and who listened to me no matter what time of day. This dissertation has allowed me to  combine the concepts  I  gained from my Undergraduate and Masters Degree and is an insight into the learning that has taken place over the last five years. Although a daunting task, this dissertation has helped me learn more about myself and my hope is my research will make a meaningful contribution to the existing literature. CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Introduction: This chapter will discuss the results of the findings of the research study ( as presented in Chapter four), in relation to past literature as reviewed in chapter two; for the purpose of examining whether our research has achieved its set objectives. It will also make recommendations on areas in which future research can be focused and set out limitations encountered in the course of the research. 5.2.0 Discussion of Findings Analysis of results carried out in chapter four indicated that the entire alternative hypothesis should be accepted. This section will therefore attempt to relate our research results with past research work. 5.2.1 Hypothesis One: Relationship Between Retrenchment and Job Satisfaction The two hypotheses to be tested here is whether any relationship exists between retrenchment and job satisfaction or whether there is none at all. Results as analysed in Table 4.7 clearly indicates that the null hypothesis should be rejected this means that we are accepting the alternative hypothesis that there is a relationship between retrenchment and job satisfaction Figure 4. 5 showing a scatter diagram of the relationship between retrenchment and job satisfaction also demonstrate that retrenchment has a negative impact on satisfaction. The results from our qualitative research did not however agree with that of the quantitative; its own result suggested that the job satisfaction of majority of the retrenched workers remained constant both before retrenchment and after retrenchment; this could be due to the fact that survivors were already appreciative of the fact that they even had a job to keep both body and soul together and to take care of some dependents; this in itself is a satisfaction to them. Quantitive results was in line with Herzbergs (1966) Two-Factor theory, Maslow (1993) and Vrooms (1964) theories of worker satisfaction, they all predicted that retrenchment hurts job satisfaction. Cook and War (1979) also confirmed the result of our survey tool, that human asset retrenchment affects job satisfaction amongst the remaining workers leading to insecurity feelings amongst some of the workers and perceived over-burdening of the remaining ones This result for this study which is in line with past research as cited for the above literatures suggests that the retrenchment strategies embarked upon by the Uganda Public Service as studied in relation to those re-deployed or with altered job description as a measure to curtail the rising corruption level has negatively impacted the job satisfaction of both the workers who were re-deployed and the remaining workers in service. 5.2.2 Hypothesis Two: Physical Impact of Retrenchment on Survivors in the Short -term The null hypothesis here is that retrenchment has negative physical impact while the alternative hypothesis is that retrenchment has positive physical impact in the short-term on survivors. Results as seen in table 4.8 and fig 4.6 suggests that retrenchment only averagely physically impacted the survivors of the exercise; as also demonstrated in the table. Qualitative results of study for this variable illustrated that workers whose pay were reduced because their job responsibility also reduced had to look for additional sources of income to meet up with their needs; this also put more stress on them physically and sometimes affect their health. Denga (1987) had also earlier reported that retrenching workers led to series of psycho-social problems for the retrenched and Burke (1998) discovered that stress could be induced in survivors by organisational retrenchment and a decline in job security. 5.2.3 Hypothesis three: Emotional Impact of Retrenchment on Survivors in the Short Term There are two hypotheses here also: which is that retrenchment has no effect on the emotional status of survivors and that retrenchment affects the emotional status of survivors. This was measured in the questionnaire research tool and analysis of results in table 4.9 suggests that the emotional status of remaining workers were affected by the retrenchment as carried out by the Ugandan Public service. Even though, what is known as survivors syndrome that sets in after every retrenchment was not observed in this case study has previously reported by numerous authors (Kandula 2004 and Kupec 2010. This could be because workers in Uganda have developed a thick skin already to hard situations and so are not easily intimidated by sudden changes or hard situations. The qualitative results added another dimension to the emotional impact of retrenchment as some of the workers were not emotionally affected due to the fact that they were just re-deployed and they perceived this as a lesser evil than been fired or having a pay reduction. This factor made this set of people appreciate their jobs the more counting themselves as lucky and therefore working harder. While those workers of the Ugandan Public Service whose pays were reduced because their responsibilities too were reduced admitted to been emotionally affected for they have to look for means of adjusting to the new pay; this will involve either reducing their living expenses, looking for another job or extra jobs to supplement existing ones or getting into debts for those ones who cannot just cope. The findings however still reveal that survivors of the retrenchment strategy embarked on by the Uganda Public Service still felt insecure knowing fully well that it can be their turn too someday or soon, some also indicated that work which should be shared amongst many now became the burden of the remaining survivors therefore affecting them both physically and emotionally. Figure 4.6: which is also a scatter diagram representation of the relationship between emotional status of retrenchment survivors agree to the hypothesis that retrenchment affects the emotional health of the population 5.2.4. Hypothesis Four: Effect of Retrenchment on Motivation level in the Short Term The two hypotheses here is that retrenchment did not affect workers motivation level in the short term or that retrenchment affected workers motivation level in the short-term. Results as analysed in table 5.0 show that there is a negative relationship between retrenchment and motivation level in the short term, i.e. as retrenchment level in the Uganda Public Service increases, the motivation level decreases in the short-term. This suggests that retrenchment causes apathy within the public service under study, leading to a decrease in morale and motivation; subsequently reducing performance. The short-term here could be the two months or thereabout period when the incident just occurred. This agrees with the findings of Cook and Warr (1979) who had reported that retrenchment makes workers apathetical and so reduces their morale and motivation. This majorly impacts on the job satisfaction of the survivors who either believe it can be their own turn any day soon or feel they will be overburdened by having to also handle the jobs of the retrenched or the redeployed. Workers commitment does not improve after retrenchment as they will be de-motivated by recent occurrences. Tolkman 1991 also reported that Retrenchment may create demoralization, dampen organizational productivity and increase voluntary retrenchment, discourage the organizations most talented and productive members who will end up leaving the organizations Hertzbert (1966) and Maslow (1993) asserted that motivation is directly linked to job satisfaction and that motivators include; a sense of achievement, effort recognition, the nature of the work itself, and the desire for responsibility; they also both agreed that money or pay is down in the list. They both agreed that Job satisfaction is one major factor to determine amongst other factors the employees motivation which impacts heavily on production capacities as well as employees turnover. Employers whose institutions have little or no job satisfaction will always experience high turnovers as employees seek employment in other areas in pursuit of job satisfaction. Qualitative results of this experiment for this particular variable however suggests that the retrenchment effect of reduced motivation was only temporal and that workers morale was not permanently depressed; this is because their motivation in the first instance derived from the fact that they had a job which will cater for the needs of the family and since this urge has not reduced, their motivation will tend to be constant as long as they are not sent home. 5.2.5 Hypothesis Five: Effect of Retrenchment on Satisfaction level in the Short- Term The two tested hypothesis here is whether retrenchment of workers in the Uganda Public Service affects the level of their job satisfaction in the short-term or whether it does not affect satisfaction in the short term. Results as analysed in Table 5.10 clearly indicates that the null hypothesis should be rejected this means that we are accepting the alternative hypothesis that there is a relationship between retrenchment and job satisfaction in the short term Figure 4. 8 showing a scatter diagram of the relationship between retrenchment and job satisfaction in the short-term also demonstrates that retrenchment has a negative impact on job satisfaction level of the Ugandan Public Service only on the short term; as one increases, the other decreases slightly as retrenchment strategies increases, on the short-term, job satisfaction level decreases slightly. This is in line with Herzbergs (1966) Two-Factor theory, Maslow (1993) and Vrooms (1964) theories of worker satisfaction, they all predicted that retrenchment hurts job satisfaction along two separate but complementary axes. Cook and War (1979) also confirmed that human asset retrenchment affects job satisfaction amongst the remaining workers leading to insecurity feelings amongst some of the workers and perceived over-burdening of the remaining ones. This result of this study which is in line with past research as cited for the above literatures suggests that the retrenchment strategies embarked upon by the Uganda Public Service as studied in relation to those re-deployed or with altered job description as a measure to curtail the rising corruption level has negatively impacted the job satisfaction of both the workers who were re-deployed and the remaining workers in service. 5.2.6 Hypothesis Six: Relationship between Survivors Syndrome and Job Satisfaction Null hypothesis here is that there is no relationship between survivors syndrome and job satisfaction while the alternative hypothesis is that there is a relationship between both. Results as analysed in table 5.20 favours accepting the alternative hypothesis. Result illustrated in fig 4.10 also suggested that retrenchment could lead to survivors syndrome This is in line with past research carried out by Kandular (2004). Although, as earlier said the survivors syndrome was not observed in the case study. It could be because the Ugandan workers have developed a thick skin by reason of experience to harsh social and economic circumstances encountered since birth, and are not as physically susceptible as Western workers when it comes to certain kinds of work-related stress; after all, the reality is that many of these workers experience all forms of stress as a daily condition of their lives in Uganda. Thus, survivors syndrome might be more apt to describe the experience of workers in more developed economies and more stable social climates and not in developing countries. Qualitative assessment of responses from case study however, confirmed that many of the affected people agreed that retrenchment in whatever form either as re-deployment, or reduced pay due to reduced job responsibilities can be traumatic and even decidedly more when it is un-expected or much time is not allowed for victims to prepare for it. 5.2.7 Qualitative Data The use of qualitative method of research in this study assisted in achieving or projecting a good picture of the impact of the retrenchment strategies of the Uganda Public Service. Respondents perception of the retrenchment exercise and effect were adjudged through relevant questions as highlighted in Appendix 3 using the qualitative focus group questions to access age gender and educational status impact on the variables of motivation, satisfaction, physical and emotional health and survivors syndrome of retrenched workers in the Public Service. It was discovered using the qualitative research method that age of workers affected the way in which they viewed the retrenchment strategies; that is, different age groups had different impressions of the exercise. The younger generation saw the exercise as fair since it forced the older generations out of the system. This is because the older ones were not working maximally as a result of reduced energy or strength or because they felt their even being in the position in the first place was not totally based on merit. The Older ones on the other hand did not seem to mind the strategies that much and felt that Opportunities should be given to them to hand-over their skills to the generation behind them before been ushered out of the system. Similarly, gender also had its own twist to the responses; it was observed that all the factors had more impact on female workers than male workers. Females with additional responsibility due to redeployment or retrenchment suffered more physically and emotionally as they also had more responsibility on the home front together with their office jobs. Effect on the males was also pronounced where the new situation imposed on them female bosses and majority whose ego could not adapt to such welcomed the retrenchment exercise as a way out; for they would rather be retrenched than to be submitting to female bosses. Lastly, majority of respondents agreed that retrenchment as carried out by the Ugandan Public Service was not on the basis of education; as their level of education was not considered as a factor in the process. Although, there were some isolated causes of faster promotion or senior position attainment after the exit of some workers as reported by a few of the respondents, this however was not the rule or norm; it was only a flash in the pan. The qualitative results in general, suggested that motivation and satisfaction of the retrenched workers that survived the retrenchment exercise was only affected on the short-term because things went back to status quo. The major reason for this can be attributed to the fact that workers motivation and satisfaction in Uganda derived majorly from the fact that they even have a job that will help them in meeting their daily family needs. All this findings is supported by Maslow (1993) hierarchy of needs and assertion where basic needs such as food, water, e.t.c. are crucial and the first instincts that people try to protect before any other things will follow. However, Hertzberg (1966) noted that people can only be truly and genuinely satisfied and motivated when they climb up to the highest height of the Maslows pyramid which is the height of self-actualisation and that huge satisfaction does not derive from hygienic needs alone. 5.2.8. Research objectives and aims Going by the results, analysis of the results and discussion of the results of the research work, it can be seen that the major objective of the research has been accomplished. The purpose of this study was to access the effect of the retrenchment strategies of the Uganda Public Service on the Job satisfaction of its workers. Through the use of questionnaires, surveys and interviews, we have effectively measured this and therefore can make useful recommendations to its management in the future 5.3 Implications for Management Organisations have different reasons for embarking on retrenchment; it might be to downsize in order to cut cost if it is having internal crises or just to remove dead weight and to improve the quality of service. Whichever reason, management decides to retrench; one thing they should keep in mind is that retrenchment does not occur as a stand alone event, it drags along whether reluctantly or not but surely some other outcomes. This research work has established a clear relationship between job satisfaction, motivation and retrenchment, no matter how little or short termed it appears to be and this will definitely affect the organisational goals and objectives if not well monitored. The clear implication of the findings of this research study for the management of the organisation understudy or even for all management hierarchies is diverse and variable. Retrenchment exercises should be undertaken with great caution and planning as its affects the morale of workers and anything that affects a work forces morale, if not sorted out fast, will definitely affect performance. Unplanned and poorly implemented retrenchment strategies can lead to physical and emotional unbalance for affected and non-affected staff, poor innovation, discipline and efficiency problems, bring demoralization, contribute to other workers retiring or resigning voluntarily, dispirit the most talented staffs which can lead to their exit; all these will together hinder the organisation from achieving its goal. Retrenching undisciplined, inefficient and incorrigible workers can serve as a warning to other workers; alerting them to sit up and face their work squarely or else they know the implication of not doing otherwise; nevertheless caution and planning should be rigorous so as not to send wrong signals to truly devoted and talented staff 5.4 Research Limitations Problems that were encountered in this research that served as limitations were that of Scheduling: Research could not measure long- term effect of retrenchments on staff and even the short- termed effect measured were not carried out immediately after the retrenchment experience. The impacts of the retrenchment exercise therefore depended on the timing of the experiment to the period of the incidence Research could not measure the impact on staff that were sent home , accessing them would be difficult Time constraints: research required a longer time period due to time taken to obtain the approval and consent of the relevant parties; this affected the length of the project and increased the budget. Another limitation perceived or encountered in the study is that which relates to respondents evaluating or reporting on their own selves; this can be biased and not entirely accurate; therefore affecting results of the research . 5.5 Recommendations for Management Behn, (1980) suggested that organisations should have a corporate strategy for the successful implementation of its retrenchment activities. This paper would also like to adopt such suggestions amongst others; which include Retrenchment basis or rationale should be communicated clearly to staff/affected workers so as to reduce negative impact of the exercise or to avoid sending wrong signals of job insecurity to workers. Objectivity should be employed in applying this basis and retrenchment should not be encouraged as a punitive measure majorly. Measures such as preparation of the minds of affected worker, training and counselling courses and seminars on entrepreneurship and life after retirement especially by the government, are good ways of preparing workers for uncertainties of the future. Generally speaking, organisations should adopt a culture of good welfare schemes such as loan assistance, various allowances, good pay, good career prospects and opportunities, mandatory career trainings, good working environment and working tools e.t.c to their staff, such that when retrenchment acts which is inevitable occurs; it would be understandable to the fair minds 5.6 Recommendation for further research Errors due to inability of participants to vividly remember occurrences usually trait the retrospective research method that was used for this work, therefore for future studies a stronger design can be considered in designing the experiment. A time series design will more likely to be appropriate. It is also recommended for future research that scheduling of this kind of study can be controlled for by planning studies to coincide with retrenchment time and also observing the constructs for a longer time period; so as to measure the long-term and short-term impacts of retrenchment in general CONCLUSION The implication of Retrenchment is quite considerable for all related parties; the management, the survivors and the retrenched, all do feel the great impact of this exercise; but the impact can be minimised if better planned for and strategically implemented. Retrenchment affect job satisfaction, motivation to work, either on short-term or long-term basis, physical health and emotional health of workers; therefore planning and preparation for this exercise is crucial to minimising its effect on all stakeholders.

Emotional Intelligence and Everyday Behavior Essay

On this article the author establishes the relationship between emotional intelligence and college students. It’s very notorious that the author’s focused the research based on measuring the Big Five personality traits (Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) and related to behaviors, this is because the intellectual measures and the ability to express knowledge don’t give us a complete overview of the person. As the author said: â€Å"The goal of the present study is to assess the criterion validity of EI, and hence the social significance or external utility of EI by relating the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT, 2002a) to selected scales from the College Student Life Space Scale (CSLSS, Brackett, 2001)†. Another fundamental point of this article was to present the genders’ differences and which of the scores on the scale are more representative on each one. Even though the participants as the author expressed were recruited from introductory courses and received course credit for their involvement in the study, the participants were part of a larger study that examined the relation between the Big Five personality traits and the Life Space. There were a 330 total of participants all between 17 and 20 years which 241 of them were female and the 89 left were males. (M.A. Brackett et al., Personality and Individual Differences (2004). The participants were asked for permission to acquire their SAT scores and college grade points average from the university; student’s been not brilliant but can be considered as a standard class. For measuring the results the scales were organized according to three broad content areas: healthy versus unhealthy behavior, general leisure and academic activities and interpersonal relations. In order to mean the gender differences on both scales analyses were conducted separately. Mayer et al. (1998) said that some question formats are items that first, require minimal interpretations on the part of the participant, and that the answers are definite and potentially verifiable. The same was as Shaffer, Saunders & Owens (1986) explained that â€Å"such question formats also minimize social desirability response bias†. For improving the data collection I would have had the same sample size for both genders, and have evaluated them both ways: first, by a whole population and them examine the results by gender, this is to understand how any of the gender impact on the whole group. Brackett & Mayer (2003), Ciarrochi et al. (2001), Mayer et al. (1999), Mayer et al. (2002a), Roberts et al. (2001), Salovey et al. (2001) found that scores on tests are related to but mostly independent of verbal intelligence, the Big Five, and empathy (rs

What You Dont Know About College Application Essay Samples for Masters of Education

What You Don't Know About College Application Essay Samples for Masters of Education The Supreme Approach to College Application Essay Samples for Masters of Education MAT is a paper-based in addition to computer-based test. One of the very first things to do in order to college is applying. Ensure you leave your reader with a long-lasting impression so that you're going to be remembered in regards to the applicant selection procedure. The personal statement or essay part of your application also needs to be distinct from the remainder of your application materials. It is fantastic for listening and speaking practice together with communicative custom of pronunciation (should you are in possession of a fantastic superior headset!) The remainder of your application is composed of plenty of computer generated averages. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About College Application Essay Samples for Masters of Education Securing a spot at the University of your dream is the initial step on the path to success in life. Thus, State University isn't only the ideal location for me, it is the sole spot for me. Observing an overview needs to be created. Open to residents in the usa. Ruthless College Application Essay Samples for Masters of Education Strategies Exploited Sch ools want shaped individuals involved with something larger than themselves. Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to have a category of students to Belgium as a way to study the EU. It's very useful to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. It is very important to establish learning targets and give well prepared lessons. Writing can likewise be assigned for homework. Also, you should carefully look at the marking rubrics before you commence writing. The Definitive Strategy for College Application Essay Samples for Masters of Education All you have to do is specify if you want your essay to be delivered. As a consequence, spending money to deal with your essays might be challenging. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. Ask somebody else to read over your essay, also, and make revisions depending on the individual's feedback. Essay writing is a challenging business whenever you're at college. You'll observe a similar structure in a number of the essays. Such essays is written in the very first individual. The essay needs to be prepared in first individual, since it actually is you that is doing the conversing. The Little-Known Secrets to College Application Essay Samples for Masters of Education Let's step in the mind of a young child in 2011. Drew's title is quite straight-forward, but it's also rather powerful. Most significantly, he comes across as the type of person who has a lot to gain from college as well as a lot to contribute. Things You Won't Like About College Application Essay Samples for Masters of Education and Things You Will In order to demonstrate that your claim is accurate, you may have to construct your argument in steps. You would then have to supply an argument which demonstrates that a specific mind-independent moral obligation exists. When selecting a definition, bear in mind that there are plenty of kinds of ethical arguments and that the direction you argue for your specific claim depends in large part on how you define your terms. The very first portion of making this kind of argument is usually establishing that we have a tendency to care about and sympathize with different humans. You would have to first provide an argument for the presence of mind-independent moral obligations. Mind-independent obligations are often known as objective obligations. Attempt to prevent unreasonable assumptions. Therefore, you will know all that is required. All of these are positive. Many are highly-reputed. Doing this, nevertheless, is hard.

Narrative Of The Disappearing, Native American, By Thomas...

In order to fully understand the first unit of American Studies I am going to orchestrate a class in which we explore the major themes and perform exercises to enhance the understanding of everyone in the class. This class will be titled, â€Å"Stories: Their Influence and Power.† This class will focus on how stories have the abilities to change people’s lives, and will especially focus on the context of stories in the lives of Native Americans. This class is extremely important because it will give students insight into not only Native stories, but into their own stories and how their lives have been impacted by them. This class will focus around excerpts from the book by Thomas King, The Truth About Stories, and circulate around two main†¦show more content†¦One simple story turned him into a star basketball player, one could also argue a psychopath as well, but we will stick to star basketball player. In order to explore this further I am going to have my st udents perform an activity. I am going to ask each student to think about a time in which someone made something up about them, and how that impacted their life. Or if they have ever made up a story about someone else and how they think that impacted the other person’s life. We will then hold class discussion on how a single story, whether true or not, can change the portrayal of a person. The second story we will analyze in The Truth About Stories is going to be quintessential to this course and will inhabit a great deal of the time. We are going to look even deeper into the power of stories and turn it into something personal for the students. We will start by reading the story about Thomas and his son moving from Utah to Canada, which is located on page 99. This is a very short story but it packs a great deal of punch. Thomas is forced to move for a job, and inherently his nine-year old son has to come with him. They get caught in a big storm and the son ends up reminding his dad that the whole entire this was Thomas’ idea. I am going to follow in Professor Richotte’s lead and put a great deal of emphasis on the son, as he did in lecture. I will stress that this was aShow MoreRelatedMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesof the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. To George Blin, Profesor at the Collà ¨ge de France, whithout whom none of these pages would have been started. CONTENTS A Note on the Translation by Bertrand Augst, ix Preface, xi A Note on Terminology, xiii I Phenomenological Approaches to Film Chapter I. On the Impression of Reality in the Cinema, 3 Chapter 2. Notes Toward a Phenomenology of the Narrative, 16 IIRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pageson a Western Igbo dialect. Northcote W. Thomas devoted four of the six volumes of his Anthropological report on the Ibo-speaking peoples of Nigeria to language, three of them being essentially lexicographic. Part II (1913) consists of an English-Ibo and Ibo-English dictionary, based on the Awka and Onitï€ ¬sha dialects. It has a rather complex and non-phonemic transcription of the vowels; tone is partially marked. Part III (1913) consists of Proverbs, narratives, vocabularies and Grammar, the vocabulariesRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages(alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-07-340334-2 (alk. paper) 1. Project management. 2. Time management. 3. Risk management. I. Gray, Clifford F. II. Gray, Clifford F. Project management. III. Title. HD69.P75G72 2011 658.4904—dc22 2009054318 www.mhhe.com About the Authors Erik W. Larson ERIK W. LARSON is professor of project management at the College of Business, Oregon State University. He teaches executive, graduate, and undergraduate courses on project management, organizational behavior, and leadershipRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEnvironment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint LostRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesTraining and Development 41 Compensation and Benefits 42 Employee Relations 42 vi Contents Top Management Commitment 43 Effective Upward Communication 43 Determining What to Communicate 44 Allowing for Feedback 44 Information Sources 44 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification

We Need A Quick Fix Of Caffeine Essay - 1463 Words

Ordinarily, in the mornings, some people need a quick fix of caffeine before dragging themselves to work or school. But one coffee shop in particular has something unique. Dunn Brothers Coffee roasts all of its beans in store. The baristas are something else entirely, full of personality, with no lack of sass either. A casual and cozy store, located in Minneapolis, on 50th and Xerxes Ave., it has drawn a large customer base over the years. It all started with Ed and Dan Dunn, who opened their first store in St. Paul. The franchise quickly expanded all over Minnesota with 17 locations, and even into North Dakota with two locations in Fargo. City Pages readers even rated Dunn Bros Coffee the best cup of coffee in the Twin Cities over ten times. The shops’ fabulous baristas, and welcoming environment continue to draw in many customers to this day. Walking into the shop on a typical day, the second someone opens the door, the smell of roasting coffee and hot chocolate invades the nose. A crowd of exhausted and sullen-faced, office and retail workers start off the day, looking for something to help them stay awake to survive the work day. Then comes in the students, who at that point, are probably late for class, but do not care anymore. Even in the winter the store becomes warm from the large amount of people waiting in line for their turn to get fresh-brewed coffee or tea from one of the baristas, either Jess or Steve. Possibly along with one of the many pastries offered,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Diet Pills1025 Words   |  5 Pagesoverweight every year and it has become a constant issue for millions of people. If decades ago, a person who is thin could be considered as ill but now everybody wants to be slim just like the magazine cover girls. Since diet pills seemed to be a quick fix to this problem, (Richards 2008) it becomes very important for everyone to know the side effects of taking diet pills. To begin with, diet pills are more than an appetite suppressant. Appetite control would make weight loss goals easier to achieveRead MoreVictoria Geisen. Professor Bolduc. Bus180. October 19,1007 Words   |  5 Pagesto cook. There is a trend within the younger business generation and daily public transportation commuters to grab a breakfast smoothie to drink while they drive or ride the train or bus to work and this product would be a perfect match for those needs. Although there are smoothie restaurants and coffee shops already in existence, my business plan would be to create a cafà © that provided healthy smoothies along with delicious gourmet coffees. Long lines can be found every morning at Starbucks andRead MoreEssay Critique1180 Words   |  5 Pagessociety as being â€Å"individualists.† He suggests that Americans â€Å"like anything that looks like a quick fix.† (301) â€Å"We don’t want to think about the side effects, the Big Picture, or how it’s going to make things worse in the long run. We aren’t too interested in the long run as long as something brings us more money, a promotion or a new status symbol short.† (301) Due to this, Americans are never happy with what we have and seek to attain fixes by consuming ourselves in whatever the media or our societyRead MoreBrave New World Analysis1257 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is no room for acceptance of individuality. With individuality come s threat to those who rule. These threats are then sent away to a lonely island where they study their interest without harming the good of society. One could look at the world we live in now as a dystopian society but it is being disguised in a utopian society. The government today is a democracy but with all the technology one official can get their hands on, freedom is becoming less independent and more controlled. The democraticRead MoreThe Law of Line Extension1854 Words   |  8 Pagessuccessful is such a desirable concept that companies perceive these to be a low-cost, low-risk opportunity. Line extensions are frequently used as a short-term competitive edge over the competition. One company may have the ability to satisfy several needs of a single customer with a larger variety of products (Quelch, Kenny, 1994). Consumers want to try out brands that they have never used before. There is a large market of consumers that can be enticed to try a new product from a company that theyRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep On Our Bodies2104 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å" Sixty percent of the college population gets insufficient sleep.† College students realize they are sleepy but don’t understand all the affects it has on their bodies physically, mentally, and emotionally. So what can we do to fix this? What can your university maybe do to fix this? Sleep has more effects on our bodies than you think. If one does not get enough sleep, not only is your body more prone to getting sick because you lower your immune system, it also makes students feel stressed outRead MoreFad Diets On Overweight People1765 Words   |  8 PagesFad Diets are a quick fix diet to shed pounds in a short period of time. These fad diets gives you false hopes and dreams. While your body is thinner you feel great. When you gain the weight back now you are disappointed. Who really loses? Under-eating slows the body’s natural metabolism, setting a person up for further failure as soon as he or she comes off of the diet. Fad Diets are targeting overweight and obese people. Fad Diets are to make you lose enormous weight in a short time. DesperateRead MoreEssay on starbucks industry analysis1564 Words   |  7 Pagesrevenue will grow on average of 3.9% annually. In 2014, industry revenue is expected to continue its resurgence with a jump of 4.1% to total 30.2 B. There is significant price-based competition within this industry; however, coffee, snack and other quick-service establishments also compete on the basis of location, food quality and consistency, style and presentation, food range, variety and service. Starbucks and Dunkin brands make up more than 60 % of market share, they have a considerable role inRead MoreBenefits of Healthy Eating Essay1914 Words   |  8 Pagesto the body. Some reasons people may avoid healthy eating are that they are not financially able to buy the necessary items to have a healthy diet or that they just don’t know how to maintain a healthful diet. Everyone’s body is different so people need to find the right way to develop a healthy eating habit for there selves, so they can receive the most out of eating a healthy meal every day. â€Å"Most health experts recommend eating a balanced, healthy diet to maintain or lose weight. But what exactlyRead MoreStarbucks - Marketing Plan Essay5753 Words   |  24 PagesStatement and Objectives: Starbucks advertises two essential mission statements. First and foremost, it strives to â€Å"establish [ourselves] as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while [we] grow(s).† (Starbucks) Reflective of its mission, Starbucks bases its strategic campaign and communications on six indispensable philosophies; structuring a pleasant work environment in which employees are treated with â€Å"respect and dignity,† incorporating

Sba in History Free Essays

Teachers will be notified as to whether they are required to submit SBA samples to CXC. It is recommended that ALL subject teachers preparing candidates for the examination collaborate in (i) (ii) setting the assignments, criteria and mark schemes standardizing the marking of the assignments.If requested, the Centre must submit ONE SBA sample consisting of the work of FIVE candidates. We will write a custom essay sample on Sba in History or any similar topic only for you Order Now B. INSTRUCTIONS FOR SELECTING THE SAMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING (i) After the candidates’ SBA scores have been entered electronically, the sample for the centre will be automatically selected by the e-SBA system using the following procedure: * * The total SBA scores for all candidates will be arranged in order of performance, from highest to lowest score.The e-SBA system will then select the candidate who gained the †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ (ii) (iii) (iv) highest score middle (median) score lowest score score that is midway between the highest score and middle score score that is midway between the lowest score and the middle score The Centre must submit by the stipulated deadline, ONLY the sample that has been selected by the e-SBA system. Where the number of candidates is less than five, submit the assignments of ALL candidates.Since resit candidates are not expected to undertake the School-Based Assessment, they should not be included in the ranked list and their work should not be submitted. C. MATERIALS TO BE SUBMITTED TO CXC The Centre (team of teachers) must submit to CXC: (i) (ii) ONE completed RECORD OF MARKS FOR SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT for ALL candidates at the centre (electronically) If requested, †¢ †¢ the projects of the FIVE candidates selected ONE completed MODERATION OF SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT FORMThe Local Registrars will stipulate the date by which ALL materials MUST be dispatched to their offices to ensure timely submission to CXC. Samples and moderation forms must be packaged separately from records for delivery to the Local Registrars. All records are forwarded by the Local Registrar to the Council’s Headquarters and samples and moderation forms are forwarded to the respective mark ing venues. Revised 08-10-2010 How to cite Sba in History, Papers

Henry V By Shakespeare Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Henry V By Shakespeare Essay, Research Paper King Henry, as portrayed in Shakespeare # 8217 ; s Henry V, may non ever seem to hammer the best actions or decide jobs in an adorable manner, but in the eyes of Shakespeare this adult male was an optimum male monarch. Throughout the drama Shakespeare leads Henry through different witting arrangements. Henry, nevertheless, ever proves to be the perfect male monarch by doing the superior pick. These trial of character are really Shakespeare # 8217 ; s standards for what he believes a perfect male monarch must hold or be and they bring approximately many king-like traits in Henry. First, the trial of character proves that he is spiritual and loyal to the Catholic Church. The following gage of Henry # 8217 ; s character shows that he is motivational and can maintain nationalism running in the venas of England # 8217 ; s citizens. Finally these steps show that King Henry is able to transport out the jurisprudence every bit good as the rightful reign of England. In all, the drama Henry V unmistakably portrays Henry as the theoretical account for all Christian male monarchs. King Henry meets the first standard that states a male monarch must be spiritual and loyal to the Catholic Church. To get down, Henry accepts advice from two Catholic Church functionaries, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Ely, refering his inheritor to the Gallic Crown. The information that the Church passes on to him will surely get down a war and Henry readily excepts it, chiefly because it is what he wants to hear but besides because of his trueness and regard for the Church itself. For he would non take such of import advise from a group that Henry simply tolerates. Henry shows his spiritual side when he continuously prays to God for aid. For illustration Henry says # 8220 ; O God of conflicts, steel my soldiers # 8217 ; Black Marias ; Posses them non with fright # 8221 ; ( IV, I, 287-288 ) . Henry gives forth these words in hopes that God will assist the English licking the Gallic in an approaching conflict. To go on, the King besides displays a spiritual side w hen he dedicates his much earned triumph over the Gallic to God. Henry states # 8220 ; Take it, God, for it is none but thine! # 8221 ; ( IV, iiiiiiii, 111-112 ) . This proves that King Henry is so spiritual for, he had given his greatest achievement to God, as any good Christian would make. It can be said, without any uncertainty, that King Henry was spiritual and loyal to the Catholic Church, hence run intoing the first standard of Shakespeare. It was proven several times throughout Henry V that the male monarch was a brilliant motivational talker and he could certainly acquire nationalism on the heads of the provincials every bit good as his chap royalty. One illustration of this is when King Henry motivates non-enthusiastic military personnels into contending their Black Marias out and taking over the town of Harfleur. In this memorable address Henry uses such phrases such as # 8220 ; But when the blast of war blows in our ears, so copy the action of the tiger: stiffen the tendons, conjure up the blood, camouflage just nature with hard-favored fury # 8221 ; in attempts to beat up the nationalism inside each adult male and animate him to travel out and destruct the Gallic enemy ( III, I, 5-8 ) . This is merely the first illustration of how Henry motivates his citizens. The following comes after the hanging of his good friend Bardolph. It seems that the hanging of Bardolph represents a flood tide in the sadness of Henry # 8217 ; s military personnels. They are discouraged because it is the dead of winter, they have small supplies and personal wages seems to be nonexistent, as Bardolph clearly demonstrates. Despite this glum attitude among the work forces the male monarch gives a short address that inspires the withdrawal to force on and to contend for a greater cause. As if these Acts of the Apostless were non plenty to demo that King Henry was a great incentive, Shakespeare has Henry give what is likely the most inspiring and memorable address of the drama, the Saint. Crispian # 8217 ; s Day address. In this address the male monarch responds to Westmoreland, who represents the full troop # 8217 ; s ideas by stating that T hey fear their lives because the Gallic have so many more work forces so they. The male monarch so tells the military personnels that â€Å"If we are marked to decease, we are adequate to make our state loss ; And if to populate, the fewer work forces, the greater portion of honor† ( IV, three, 20-22 ) . He promises that they will be remembered for infinity as the work forces who saved the universe. The male monarch besides proclaims that â€Å"He today that sheds his blood with me shall be my brother† and that â€Å"We would non diein that man’s company that fears his family to decease with us† ( IV, three, 61-62 ) ( IV, three, 38-39 ) . After this oration has been delivered Westmoreland and the other company are so moved that they charged encouragingly into the conflict with the Gallic. The Saint Crispian’s Day address is a premier illustration of what a good incentive the male monarch was. He encouraged all his work forces with one address to tra vel bravely into conflict even though they were fearful and pessimistic about the conflict merely proceedingss earlier. King Henry was a outstanding booster of nationalism and bravery by manner of address. The last accomplishment a male monarch needed to be great in Shakespeare # 8217 ; s eyes was that of transporting out the jurisprudence in a merely manner and maintaining England in power over its rightful span of regulation. Henry did make merely this, and he showed it legion times through out the drama. Foremost, the male monarch becomes cognizant of three plotters among the royal party, Scroop, Cambridge, and Grey, who he is really close friends with. Henry, in a deceptively cagey manner, tells Scroop, Cambridge and Grey that he is cognizant that they are be aftering to kill him for some of France # 8217 ; s gold. They confess to their wickednesss and alternatively of the male monarch being lenient on them because of their friendly relationship he gives them a rough decease punishment sentence and does non allow the forgiveness that each one asks of him. Henry stays strong and tells them # 8220 ; Get you therefore therefore, Poor suffering wretches, to your decease, the gustato ry sensation whereof God of his clemency give you patience to digest, and true penitence of all your beloved offenses # 8221 ; ( II, three, 177-181 ) . This action shows that King Henry is able to get the better of the bonds of friendly relationship and implement the jurisprudence in an nonsubjective mode. Later, Henry finds that his best imbibing brother from his younger old ages, Bardolph, has been caught robbing a church while contending for the Gallic Crown. Although Henry had made a promise before he was king neer to convict Bardolph, he gave him the decease punishment and hung him instantly. This action was yet another show of how Henry could get the better of his emotional bonds and carry out the jurisprudence reasonably. Next, Henry shows that he can protect England # 8217 ; s power by repossessing the Gallic Crown since England clearly had rightful inheritor to it. This is a really of import accomplishment, for if a male monarch could non support what was his, he would no n be considered a competent male monarch at all. Since Henry could protect the inheritor to the Gallic throne he was a truly benevolent male monarch. Traveling on, after Henry and the English ground forces take the town of Harfleur, he tells the military personnels to take clemency on the town every bit good as the people in it. Henry tells Exeter, who is now in charge of the work forces, # 8221 ; Use clemency to them all. For us, beloved uncle, the winter coming on and sickness turning upon our soldiers, we will retire to Calais # 8221 ; , which means that the work forces can remain in the town for dark but be sort to its people and the following twenty-four hours they shall process on ( III, three, 54-57 ) . This most surely shows that King Henry can make his occupation and battle for England but he can besides be merely and just while he is on a pursuit. King Henry, as portrayed in Henry V, is decidedly the perfect male monarch as defined by Shakespeare. He meets all the right standards, for Henry is spiritual and faithful to the church, motivational and inspirational, and most of all he is able to transport out the jurisprudence of England in a dispassionate manor. In summing up, King Henry is the male monarch to be measured by, in Shakespeare # 8217 ; s sentiment, and his glorification and righteousness will neer be forgotten.