The Effects Of Video Games On The Heart Essays -

The Effects Of Video Games On The Heart The Effects of Video Games on the Heart For: Piedmont Academy Science Project November 30, 1999 The Effects of Video Games on the Heart In order to determine the effects of video games on the heart, we must look at several different things. First, we must determine which specific areas we want to investigate. Looking at increased heart rate and blood pressure, we need to determine the average maximum heart rate for the age group being tested. We must determine what factors can cause one's heart rate to increase, and we must look at the current studies in regard to the various social effects of video and other electronic games. The main way that we increase our heart rate is through exercise, and even then health care professionals recognize the importance of pacing yourself. In order to pace yourself, you must determine your target heart rate. To do this, you must measure your pulse periodically as you exercise and stay within 50 to 75 percent of you maximum heart rate. A simple rule of thumb is if you can talk and walk at the same time, you are not working too hard. If you can sing and maintain your level of effort, you are probably not working hard enough. If you get out of breath quickly, you are probably working too hard, especially if you have to stop and catch your breath. The target heart rate chart is broken down from twenty years of age to seventy years. The target heart rate zone of fifty to seventy-five percent for people of twenty years is 100-150 beats per minute with the average maximum heart rate of 100% at 200 beats per minute. The second main contributor to increasing your heart rate is through stress. Doctors have determined that the problem with stress is that our body thinks we are still cavemen. There hasn't been time for us to evolve physiologically from the high-threat, short-duration stress situations that primitive man faced to the relatively low-threat, long-duration stresses of modern society. When your body receives a message that you are under stress, it automatically thinks you are going to do one of two things, fight or run away. The body does not know how to temper its response to deal with the week-long pressure of dooming deadlines or other stresses that we deal with daily. This overkill response, in time, takes a physical toll, especially on the cardiovascular system. When you are under stress, you are not thriving. Your blood pressure is elevated, your blood clotting mechanism is working at full force, your heart is beating faster than normal and your metabolic rate is up. Keep it for hours and you will be exhausted, for years and you are headed for a heart attack. Doctors place stress as the secondary risk factor for heart disease. Stress and video games often go hand in hand. During the last several decades, video games have emerged as one of the most popular forms of adolescent entertainment. In the United States alone, video game revenues total ten billion dollars annually. On the average, children who have home video games play with them approximately ninety minutes a day. Some of the trends in game playing are disturbing some observers. A 1993 study asked 357 seventh and eight graders to list their preferences among five categories of video games. The study found that fantasy violence topped the list at thirty-two percent. It also find that boys who play violent games tend to have a lower self-concept in the areas of academic ability, peer acceptance and behavior. The most interesting is the possible link between playing violent video games and subsequent aggressive behavior. Boys aged eight to fourteen are the core audience for video games. Another study found that a series of three video games played under three increasing levels of stress elicited progressively higher values of blood pressure and heart rate. Both the race and gender of the subjects affected the reactivity. Heavy video game players have a difficult time with the regard to discharging aggression, and have a lower frustration tolerance. It has been found that hostility is increased when playing highly aggressive video games and mildly aggressive games. Subjects playing the high aggression

Molar Entropy Change of a Reaction - Example Problem

Molar Entropy Change of a Reaction Problem This example problem demonstrates how to find the entropy of reaction from standard molar entropy data on the reactants and products. Entropy is calculated as a change in the level of entropy before and after a chemical reaction. Essentially, it reflects whether the amount of disorder or randomness in the system increased or decreased as a consequence of the reaction. Standard Molar Entropy Change Problem What is the standard molar entropy change of the following reaction? 4 NH3(g) 5 O2(g) → 4 NO(g) 6 H2O(g)Given:SÂ °NH3 193 J/KÂ ·molSÂ °O2 205 J/KÂ ·molSÂ °NO 211 J/KÂ ·molSÂ °H2O 189 J/KÂ ·mol (Note, in this type of problem youll either be given the molar entropy values of the reactants and products or youll need to look them up in a table.)SolutionThe change in the standard molar entropy of a reaction can be found by the difference between the sum of the molar entropies of the products and the sum of the molar entropies of the reactants.ΔSÂ °reaction ÃŽ £npSÂ °products - ÃŽ £nrSÂ °reactantsΔSÂ °reaction (4 SÂ °NO 6 SÂ °H2O) - (4 SÂ °NH3 5 SÂ °O2)ΔSÂ °reaction (4(211 J/KÂ ·K) 6(189 J/KÂ ·mol)) - (4(193 J/KÂ ·mol) 5(205 J/KÂ ·mol))ΔSÂ °reaction (844 J/KÂ ·K 1134 J/KÂ ·mol) - (772 J/KÂ ·mol 1025 J/KÂ ·mol)ΔSÂ °reaction 1978 J/KÂ ·mol - 1797 J/KÂ ·mol)ΔSÂ °reaction 181 J/KÂ ·molWe can check our work using the techniques introduced in this example problem. The reaction involves all gasses and the number of moles of products is greater than the number of moles of reactants so the expected change in entropy should be pos itive. Answer The standard molar entropy change of the reaction is 181 J/KÂ ·mol.

Responding To Customer Complaints On Social Media

Responding To Customer Complaints On Social Media You’re human. Mistakes will happen. Nothing is perfect and something will go wrong. Not every customer will be satisfied. This is not a failure. The best businesses are the ones that mess up and show how they fix their mistakes. They build their customer’s trust and prove they are listening to them. When a significant other makes a mistake and owns up to it, do you dump them because they messed up or do forgive them and trust them more because they were honest? Depending on the situation, you’ll forgive them and that will make your relationship stronger. It’s similar with business. Mistakes happen, but when a business owns up to it and apologizes, they’ll build a better relationship with the customer. Listen To Your Customer Complaints When customers complain, sometimes they just want someone to hear them out. They had a poor experience, and no matter how big or small it was, the least you can do is listen. What do you learn when you listen? You find out about problems that would have created more dissatisfied customers in the future. When you listen to a customer, you have an opportunity to establish a relationship with that customer. By listening to them, youll let them know you care. Just because a customer is upset doesnt mean they are a lost cause, or gone forever. Regardless of the size of the issue, let the customer know you heard their problem and understand their frustration. One of my first jobs was a clerk at a small drug store/gift shop. I was 16 and terrified when customers complained because I had no idea what to do and no authority to do anything about it. This is when I discovered if I let a customer vent their frustrations to me and apologize for their poor experience, they would always leave happier than when they came in. Business Is About Relationships It is easy to forget the fact that business is all about relationships. Relationships  with your current customers, but with vendors, former customers, clients, the community, and more. The Perfect Apology, a site dedicated to helping readers craft the perfect mea culpa,  understands this relationship connection between a business and customer. It offers the following strategy about how to protect that relationship: 1.  Look at the reason behind your business apology and  who  has been affected by the situation. 2.  Determine the most appropriate way to apologize and  when  that apology should be given. 3.  Ask and answer the following four basic questions: What are you apologizing for? Who are you apologizing to? How do you apologize? When should you apologize? When someone complains, its not the end of the relationship. Instead, its an opportunity. Its a chance to strengthen that relationship and rebuild it. Business is about relationships. Complaints are a chance to preserve and build relationships.How To Apologize Face-To-Face When I was in the first grade, a teacher of mine told us that if we were going to apologize to someone, sorry is never enough. When you apologize you should state their name, tell them what happened, tell them why it happened, and that you’ll never do it agin. As Ive been doing research on business apologies, Ive been learning this form of apology is what most businesses use. Its a five-step process. Apologize.  Actually say you are sorry. Dont say that you are sorry they feel that way but say I am sorry. State what you did wrong.  Make sure you inform the customer what your business did wrong. This is you owning up to your mistakes and taking ownership of them. Acknowledge how they are feeling.  Imagine yourself in their shoes, and let them know you understand (or are trying to understand) how the situation made/makes them feel. Express regret.  Let them know you feel bad about the situation. Promise it wont happen again. It’s hard to promise that something will never happen again, but you can at least mention how you will do your best to prevent a mistake from happening again. A crisis is never fun but it does give you an opportunity to build a lasting relationship with your audience. Of course, this is based on how you handle it. Customers Value Apology More What do customers value more? An apology or some form of monetary value in exchange for the poor experience? The Nottingham School of Economics  conducted a study and found that unhappy customers are more willing to forgive a company that offers an apology rather than monetary compensation. Why would customers be more willing to forgive a company that offers an apology? Researchers theorized that when customers hear Im sorry, it triggers an instinct to forgive. Its an instinct that is difficult for people to overcome. I have to admit that the results of this study came as a surprise for me. From my experience, I know customers always value a genuine apology. Im on the marketing team for a sandwich shop and like anyone in the food industry knows, mistakes happen. Typically when a customer complains, we apologize and offer to send them something in the mail. That something is usually a free sandwich. Well typically say something that directly addresses their poor experience, apologize for it and ask for them to give us another chance to make up for their poor experience. I believe this is a good balance between an apology and compensation. Author Bruna Martinuzzi wrote a wonderful post on the best way for businesses to apologize, sharing some great apology dos and donts. Whats the big takeaway? Don’t use the word â€Å"if†.  An apology that is â€Å"if I offended you, I’m sorry† is basically saying â€Å"I don’t understand how you can be offended, but if you are so sensitive to being offended, let me apologize.† That’s not the vibe you want to give off to your customers. You don’t want to insult them again. Just say, â€Å"I’m sorry we offended you.† That’s straight to the point and you took ownership of the situation. Don’t give excuses.  Excuses are tempting because there is usually a reason behind your actions. Yet excuses are easily one of the most annoying things about apologies. â€Å"I’m sorry I offended you, but I was just following customer policy.† Even if you have an actual reason as to why a situation occurred, refrain from making excuses. You can explain the situation, but don’t use an excuse. It will make your apology less genuine. Make it brief.  Keep your apology short. It’s easy to ramble on, but don’t. Short and sweet is the rule. This will make it seem more genuine and less about you. The sooner the better.  The time frame on giving an apology does expire. Don’t delay an apology. 50% of consumers give a brand only one week to respond to a question before they stop doing business with them, according to RightNow Customer Experience Impact Report. If possible, apologize before the customer even knows about the situation. It will make the customer trust you more. For business, trust is everything. Value the relationship.  You dont always need to be right. The value of a relationship will often overshadow your need to be right. By arguing about who is right and who is wrong, youre doing more damage. Does it matter who is right? Will it harm the relationship between you and the customer? Is it worth it? Create an apology policy.  If you have multiple employees, it can be hard to keep everyone in the loop on whats the best way to apologize. Even if you are the only person in your company, an apology policy will help keep you on track with consistent and level headed responses.  Martinuzzi points out Starbucks LATTE method for dealing with complaints.  Starbucks baristas are trained to respond to complaints by Listening (L), Acknowledging (A), (T)  Taking Action, Thanking (T), and Explaining (E). There is emphasis on listening first and only lastly on explaining what happened. Try to create an easy to remember policy that will help you and your employees deal with complaints. How To Apologize On Social Media One reason business owners dont want to go into  social media  is because they are afraid theyll be on defense the entire time. Any time a customer has so much as a mediocre experience they come flocking to their social media networks and complain. It seems like all they would do  on social media is apologize.

Discuss how Monologue by Hone Tuwhare is an expressive poem Essay

Discuss how Monologue by Hone Tuwhare is an expressive poem - Essay Example The factory is a noisy place, with smoke rising and machines thudding. â€Å"Because I am nearest to the big doors, I am the farthest away from those who have to come down to shout instructions in my ear†, the person being close to the entrance, is also away from his co-workers, who have to try hard to make themselves heard. This person is the first to greet any stranger or newcomer who comes in looking for work, and provide them with the required information. â€Å"I can always tell the look on the faces of the successful ones as they hurry away. The look on the faces of the unlucky I know also, but cannot easily forget†. The writer succeeds in giving prominence to the main character’s emotions, when he sees the look on the faces of strangers who come in search of work, their feelings on being successful or not in their search for work. The emotion on the faces of these people, which he cannot forget easily, makes the main character also emotional. The writer is very efficient in capturing the feelings of these people. â€Å"I have worked here for fifteen months. It’s too good to last. Orders will fall off and there will be a reduction in staff†. This sentence shows how insecure the person feels about his job, even though he is working since the past fifteen months only. He thinks that the company might not have enough orders, and in this process might reduce their staff. He feels that more people might be appointed, who possess much better skills then him, who will be made permanent in their job, and that he should look for a better job, before they fire him. â€Å"These thoughts I push away, I think that I am lucky to have a position by the big doors which open out to a short alley leading to the main street;† He consoles himself by thinking that he is lucky to have a place near the door, and if any emergency takes place like a fire or an earthquake, he can make an easy exit along with his

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Globalization - Essay Example Globalization is mostly related to economic globalization however this is not the case; globalization presents a much wider concept. It is a combination and amalgamation of political, economic, biological and cultural factors which are being shared and circulated globally. Globalization is a very relative term and can be used in a number of ways depending on the factor it is being applied to. For instance, if taken from an economic perspective, globalization is the removal of hindrances and barriers existing between two nations so that the flow of services, manpower and merchandise can be enhanced and taken to a higher level for the attainment of mutual benefit and progress. The concept of globalization has changed paces; it took a start in the nineteenth century and deliberated during the era of the First World War. It again accelerated in the middle of the 20th century, the reason many economists present for its varying trends is the changing attitude of the economists who sometime s backed off from this practice so as to protect the policies and regulations of their organizations. Globalization took a turn after World War II; this was due to the combined efforts of the politicians who made deliberate attempts to eliminate the borders obstructing trade. Bretton Woods Conference further paved way for this since politicians from all over the world signed the petition to carry out foreign trade and commerce and numerous institutions were also developed in order to view and invigilate the procedure of globalization. Multinationals organizations have also taken part and are responsible for its worldwide growth and development; the corporations in Europe and United States of America exchanged strategies related to science and technology and gave birth to a new era of globalization. Radio, television, music, films and all other means of media also played a great role in the exchange of cultures especially in the western countries. Two more factors that have contribut ed greatly in this regard are telecommunication which greatly enhanced the effects of this phenomenon which are even prominent in the current era. One of the greatest benefits of the intervention of technology in globalization is that it has made trade and other means of communication very accessible and easy. Globalization has not only revolutionized the economic sector but has also contributed to a great deal as far as political, social and cultural diversity is concerned. (Malcolm, 2001) ADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION Globalization has both advantages and disadvantages; it has become a contentious term mainly because the disadvantages seem to overshadow the advantages. Before knowing the reason behind this issue, let’s have a look at the advantages of this controversial issue. The advantages are as stated; trade has become easier due to globalization since trade and business affairs can be carried out more easily owing to the efficient means of transportation and communicatio n. Goods and other services can be easily carried from one place to the other. The relationship between nations and states becomes more stable due to effective interaction; old rivalries can be sorted out and resolved which in turn reduces the chances of war. The trend of free trade gains popularity and

Woman in the Life of African Essay Example for Free

Woman in the Life of African Essay The life of nineteenth century African American women was marred by an unfortunate social practice called slavery. While such unjust living condition affected both men and women, the harmful impact was more on women. This is because in the context of slavery, it was the women who suffered worse and the ones who were subjected to more damaging treatment than men. Coupled with race-related burdens, it was slavery and all its harmful manifestations which forced women to perform roles inside their homes and within the society that definitely opposed their supposedly conventional roles in an ideal American community. Simply put, it is their being a woman that determined and played a more important role in their lives than being an African American. This is because it was their very gender which caused them to become slaves and to experience other sex-related injustices. Therefore, it is ironic that while being a woman was supposed to protect the African American women from slavery and to provide them with dignity, it was specifically their womanhood that made their lives miserable and painful — as explained and illustrated by Deborah Gray White in her book, â€Å"Ar’n’t I a Woman? : Female Slaves in the Plantation South. † In challenging the stereotypes concerning African-American women, the book creates a bigger and more in-depth representation of the real existence of women. That is, it was not only their race or their being African-American that made them as work and sex slaves, but it was more their being women that caused them to suffer. Through the exploration and analysis made by the author on the daily ways of life, jobs, as well as roles and relationships within the family and society of 19th century women, the book allows the readers to realize that being a woman has a great significance in the kind of life that they experienced. Female Slavery White, through the book, presents that it was being a woman that played a more relevant function in the life of 19th century African-American women. This is the premise explained and emphasized in the book as it effectively provides an analysis of the overdue existence of women slavery. In fact, the title itself is a clear reflection of the underlying meaning that the kind of living experienced by the female population in the Plantation South was rooted in the fact that they were female. The shortened statement â€Å"Arnt I a Woman? † actually signifies a kind of objection as to how and why women were subjected to slavery considering they are important members of a society which is supposed to take care of them, protect them, and assure them of their rights. With slavery however, it unfortunately turned out otherwise as it was their very sense of being a woman that was considered to be the reason why they were made into slaves. This is because their being a woman indicated their susceptibility to slavery and other forms of inhumane treatment, which thereby affected the manner in which they struggled and eventually survived. Most importantly, female slavery emerged because they were seen and regarded as one whose sexual and employment rights may be violated. This explanation is justified in the book when the author concludes that â€Å"Slave women were the only women in America who were sexually exploited with impunity, stripped and whipped with a lash, and worked like oxen† (White 162). Thus, they were made into slaves and were sexually abused not because they were African American, but because they were African American women. Not Protected While White’s book depicts a general representation of 19th century African American women in the light of their race and gender, personal experiences became the foundation of the concept that it was the reality of being a woman that created a stronger impact in their lives. This was due to the fact that female slaves, as illustrated by the characters of the sexually abused â€Å"Jezebel† and loyal slave â€Å"Mammy,† showed how their womanhood caused them to be utterly neglected and abused by the society, particularly by the men. As White stresses: â€Å" only slave women were so totally unprotected by men or by law women had their womanhood so totally denied† (162). Further, it was through the demeaning stereotyping of black women that the personalities in the book practically came alive. This is because they supposedly represented the apparent promiscuous persona and conduct of African-American women which, in turn, served as a justification for their slavery, discrimination, and sexual abuse in the hands of both black and white men and the community in general. The stereotyping or negative characterization of â€Å"Jezebel† and â€Å"Mammy† aggravated the already unguarded condition of being a woman. This is shown by how â€Å"Jezebel† supposedly manifested a natural sensuality and sexual drive that it became inevitable for slave owners to sexually abuse the â€Å"lustful† women slaves (White 36). Both characters affirmed that being a woman led one to be susceptible to slavery and sexual abuse. Such was the condition as their respective womanhood created a notion that black women were forced to domestic slavery and into becoming sex objects. Most of all, their being female did not protect them from any kind of violation because their gender or stature in the society made them as mere human properties particularly created for their masters’ desires such as sexual satisfaction and forced labor. Conclusion The blatant and unacceptable realities presented in the book â€Å"Arnt I a Woman† by Deborah Gray White only confirm the idea that it was the fact that they were female that brought much suffering and misfortunes into the lives of 19th century African American women. More than this however, â€Å"Arnt I a Woman† also presents an unlikely condition that being a woman during a period when slavery existed had its rewarding side. This is because despite the abuses, it was their optimistic sense of being a woman that enabled them to create strong personal relationships and female groups within the society. Work Cited White, Deborah Gray. Arnt I a Woman? : Female Slaves in the Plantation South. New York: W. W. Norton Company, Inc. , 1985.

Disc Golf :: Ultimate Frisbee Golf

Water and Salt water sound similar, at first you would think that but as soon as you research either of them you’ll find that the only thing they have one thing in common water. This pair brings to mind somewhat of a similar situation in golf and frisbee golf. One would think that you frisbee golf is just golf with a frisbee but this is not so it s deeper than that. When you experience both of these it come to you, although they share similar names golf and frisbee golf have many differences between them. It is easy to conclude that the equipment differs in golf and frisbee golf. When golfing you use fifteen clubs and a ball, the clubs allow you to hit shots at different lengths. The ball you use consists of hard plastic that varies in the way they grip the green and the way they fly through the air. You hit the ball at a hole with a three-inch diameter by hitting the ball with the club. When playing frisbee golf you use frisbees made from a hard plastic for durability. When picking out your frisbee you must take a lot of other things into consideration such as: color, weight, design and flight pattern. You also may find it necessary to obtain two frisbees one being a driver and the other being a putter. The driver is for maximum distance but not accuracy and the putter is for the opposite. You throw these frisbees at hanging chains with a cup underneath. I think beginners should play where they get the frisbee to hit any part of the chains or the pole in the air. So if you throw it a nd nick the chains its as good as putting it in the cup, making it easier so you don’t get so discouraged. This also helps them experiment with how the frisbee flies and how to get it to fly other ways. To recap golf uses two types of equipment and frisbee golf uses just one, also in golf the club propels the ball as opposed to frisbee golf where your arm throws the frisbee.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is really only one traditional swing in golf. This is a fluid take back followed by a controlled rip at the ball. In frisbee golf you have many choices of how you want to throw the frisbee, it comes down to a matter of how it needs to fly and what you feel most comfortable with.

Assessment History Essay

Then and Now: History of Assessments Used in Special Education In today’s world students are being diagnosed every day for multiple disorders. Over the history of special education both standardized (formal) and curriculum based (informal) assessments have been created and implemented to help make sure that students are receiving the proper support to help them meet their educational goals. Assessments within special education are implemented to determine a student’s strengths as well as pinpoint areas where they may need extra support and guidance. (Pierangelo & Giuliani, 2007) The results of the assessments given to students will be used to decide if the student qualifies for special education services. The assessments used in the United States have developed in conjunction with special education services, to what we know and use today. This paper will outline the history of assessments administered in the United States, discuss how today’s application of assessment differs, and how these changes have impacted special education as a whole. History of Assessments The history of special education has evolved greatly over the years. Prior to the 1970’s there were very few individuals with special needs being served within the public school system. There were two federal laws passed in 1975 that would aid in the process of children enrolling in the public schools. The first law was Education for All Handicapped Children (EHA), this law requires that children of all ability levels receive the right to public education. The second law that played a key role in providing students with disabilities appropriate education is the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). The IDEA not only requires students with disabilities access to public education but that the school district provides personalized services (special education) for individuals who qualify. (Special Education News, 2013) The laws and legislative acts passed advocate for these students, making sure they receive free and appropriate education. As special education evolved over the years so did many of the tools used to assess students with special needs. Although â€Å"Interest in intelligence dates back thousands of years, it wasn’t until [the early 1900’s that] psychologist. Alfred Binet was commissioned to identify students who needed educational assistance, that the first IQ test was born. † (Cherry, 2013). This type of assessment was a standardized test that measured the individual in areas such as their: skills, character traits, attitudes, knowledge, and educational measurement. As the special education field grew, the use of the Simon-Binet method spread quickly across the Western world. (Reschly, 2002). â€Å"Historically, educational assessment in the United States has been dominated by psychometric assumptions and approaches,† such as the Simon-Binet Scale. (McLaughlin & Rouse, 2000). However, as time as the years have gone by the assessments and protocols used for special education have adapted and evolved. Today’s Assessment / Impact of changes In today’s world there are a variety of assessments and tools to choose from when working with and identifying students with special needs. These assessments fall under two categories, the first being standardized assessments, and the second being curriculum based assessments. The Binet scale, now known has the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale has been adapted since it was introduced to educators in 1905, and is one of the many standardized assessment tools still used today. Although standardized tests are a great starting point for diagnosing students with special needs it should not be the sole contributor to the diagnosis of a student. Two main concerns when using a standardized test such as the Stanford-Binet scale are that it is culturally unfair and testing conditions and interpretation of test results influence how the student will do on the assessment. Often the standardized tests that are implemented within the school district have been created in the UK or the United States and are mainly designed to be used among white, middle-class children. Therefor if this test is used for any child outside of the specific target group it will be unfair and could lead to the misdiagnosis of students who need special education services. (Newton, 2009) â€Å"For example, if a student with limited English proficiency were assessed using an IQ measure where the directions are given in English, this student’s performance would likely be compromised based upon limited understanding of the instructions, resulting in a significant underestimate of the student’s true intelligence. † (GCU, 2013) It is  extremely important for educators to properly assess the students and to make sure we work with them in their areas of struggle prior to labeling them as needing special education. Since every assessment has its pros and cons it is a teachers responsibility to become familiar with their students and know what assessment would best fit their needs. Since there can be some limitations with standardized tests educators may want to explore various curriculum based assessments to aid in the process of identifying these students. One common curriculum based assessments that is used today is the Response to Intervention (RTI). RTI is a type of educational intervention that is implemented to provide students who are having difficulties extra assistance prior to referring them to a special education program. This informal assessment tool is a multi-level prevention system that helps students succeeds in their education. Teachers will follow RTI by monitoring the students’ progress on a regular basis, implementing evidence-based interventions of varying intensities depending on how the student is responding. (NCRTI, 2010). Curriculum based assessments such as RTI have many benefits to students and Educators. Educators today may choose to use these types of assessments because it allows them to be proactive about the problem at hand, they are easy to implement into a classroom routine, if interventions are successful the child will be brought back up to grade level without needing special education services. (Wilmshurst & Brue, 2013) Conclusion The assessments and protocols developed throughout the history of special education have evolved and implemented to benefit the students, as well as special education as a whole. Each assessment and intervention has been created to aid educators in the process of serving their students to the best of their abilities. School systems went from using one assessment tool to identify and work with students with disabilities to having a vast selection to choose from. Both formal and informal assessment tools used by educators in today’s society aid in the process of diagnosing and helping students who qualify for special education services. Although, there are some assessment tools that may be better than others, each one will have their pros and cons. Educators can create and use assessment tools that reflect what we know about the student and their learning abilities. The educators and their school districts â€Å"can do so by building on what we have learned during the past decade, and ensuring that the process and outcomes of their approach to alternate assessment are transparent and subject to review, stand up to both technical and ethical scrutiny, push practices and outcomes in the expected and desired directions, and can be improved through data-based oversight over time. † (Quenemoen, 2008). Educators will have to use the best judgment and knowledge to decide what assessment(s) will best work for them. Whether educators use one assessment or a variety of assessments, the main objective is to give the student the best chance to succeed in their education and assist them in becoming functioning members of our their community. References Cherry, K. (2013). History of Intelligence Testing. Retrieved from: http://psychology. about. com/od/psychologicaltesting/a/int-history. htm Grand Canyon University. (2013). Types of Evaluation. Received from: www. my. gcu. edu McLaughlin, M. & Rouse, M. (2000). Special Education and School Reform in the United States and Britain. New York, NY: Routledge. Newton, C. (2009). Problems with IQ and Psychometric Assessment. Retrieved from: www. inclusive-solutions. com/word/IQ_Problems_Jan. doc? NCRTI. (2010). Essential Components of RTI. Retrieved from: http://www. rti4success. org/ Pierangelo, R. & Giuliani, G. (2007). Understanding Assessment in the Special Education Process. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin. Quenemoen, R. (2008). A brief history of alternate assessments based on alternate achievement standards (Synthesis Report 68). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, National Center on Educational Outcomes. Retrieved from: http://www. cehd. umn. edu/NCEO/onlinepubs/Synthesis68/Synthesis68. pdf Reschly, J. D. (2002). Change Dynamics in Special Education Assessment: Historical and Contemporary Patterns. Peabody Journal of Education, V77 n2 p117-36. Retrieved from: http://owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/10/ The History of Special Education in the United States. (2013). Special Education News. Retrieved from: http://www. specialednews. com/the-history-of-special-education-in-the- united-states. htm Wilmshurst, L. & Brue, W. A. (2013). Advantages of Response to Intervention. Retrieved from: http://www. education. com/reference/article/advantages-rti/

Different Aspects of Personality Essay

1) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Visual impact is the first impression that you make on others. Factors which help are cleanliness, proper clothing, smartness and cheerfulness. Try to be at your visual best always. 2) COMMUNICATION SKILLS Communication skills play a very important role in your personality rating. Communication Skills comprises of speaking ability, comprehension, voice culture as well as writing skills . Also , if you are a good conversationalist as well as a good listener and genuinely interested in other people, you can win many friends and make a good impression on others. 3) KNOWLEDGE A wide and prospective knowledge in addition to depth in your own field of study greatly helps in the building up of your personality. This needs wide reading and assimilation ,observation and inquisitiveness to learn and also interaction with learned experienced people. 4) SKILLS- (PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL) Development o pertinent skills needed for your professional work and personal life greatly enhances your personality. Some of the important ones are leadership skills, organizations skills, practical skills in your field, human management skills, entertainment skills including some basic skills like first-aid, cooking, driving etc. 5) SELF-CONFIDENCE It is the confidence in one’s own abilities which helps in taking up responsibilities and initiative things. Self-confidence can greatly perk up your image and help you in giving a dynamic personality. Courage, logical analysis and successful experiences greatly help in boosting up your self-confidence. 6) PERSONAL QUALITIES To a great extent, it is the personal qualities which constitute and give shape to your personality. Some of the important qualities which help towards a good personality build-up are the following: character and morality; etiquette and manners; discipline; work ethics; time management; friendliness and love: humor; optimism and cheerful attitude: helpful nature: humidity; maturity and emotional stability. 7) HEALTH Good and robust health is an essential and necessary quality for a good personality. Without good health you become ineffective even if you possess all other qualities and achievements. 8 ) ACTIVITIES AND INTERSTS An active interest in a wide variety of things like sports, cultural activities, social activities, as well as interest in some hobbies go a long way in giving an all round personality to an individual. 9)ACHIEVEMENTS AND SUCCESS Finally, achievements and success are factors which enhances your personality and image. They in turn bring popularity and more opportunities. They are great motivating factors which will give a boost to your personality.

Auditory and visual messages Essays

Auditory and visual messages Essays Auditory and visual messages Essay Auditory and visual messages Essay Critics are always highlighting the fact that air traffic controllers use 1960s vintage equipment. One of the said critics provided an illustration as to how problems are exacerbated by the antiquated design of the system and he wrote, Though his radar is two-dimensional, the controller must envision the planes’ flight paths in three dimensions †¦ He must take into account that, say, one plane is turning sharply and rapidly descending while the other is slowly climbing †¦ he’ll quickly get on his radio to instruct one of the pilots †¦ only if his message isn’t garbled or drowned out or misunderstood will an accident be averted (Leslie, 1996).But in the 1990s much has been done to prevent this frightening possibility from ever occurring. It is a good thing that improved aircraft technology, has now made it possible to fly with precision. The pilots can work with computers to input any desired path from one point to another in the continental United States †¦ and to optimize for whatever criteria are desired – distance, time, fuel consumption, and so forth (Remington et al., 2000).In this way pilots can have more freedom and more authority to navigate constricted airspaces and position their aircraft to achieve time-efficient schedules while at the same time preventing accidents from happening. Aside from the ability to optimize flight patterns a free flight system eliminates potential errors coming from auditory messages – the typical means of communication between traffic controllers and pilots.This is illustrated below: It must also be made clear that air traffic controllers are not only responsible for positioning aircrafts and guiding pilots on where to go especially if the volume of traffic re aches a critical point. Air traffic controllers are also responsible in guiding pilots if an emergency arises. There are so many things that can go wrong in an airports.The arrival and departure of airplanes require the skill and dedication of experienced air traffic controllers who are knowledgeable not only on how to direct and guide pilots but they are also aware about other relevant information that can help in an emergency but may be non-essential for a pilot whose main goal is to land and fly the airplane in the most efficient manner. Thus, air traffic controllers are knowledgeable about the following information but there is no guarantee that pilots are aware of the same: Traffic volume and flow;Types of aircraft operating within the sector; Location and activity of nearby terminal facilities; Special operations and procedures (e. g. military operations); Equipment limitations; and Radar and radio coverage (Durso et al. , 2004). Free Flight In the worlds of experts, One proposed change to the national airspace system, designed to increase its capacity, involves allocating more authority over flight path selection to the individual pilot. This proposed increase in pilot authority has been termed free flight or use-preferred routing (Wickens, Helleberg, Xu, 2002).As mentioned earlier not only are air traffic controllers overburdened by an increasing workload, their equipment are also limited to two dimensional displays while pilots had a much better vantage point when it comes to observing the world outside their cockpits. In short if pilots are given access to technology that will allow them to be aware of nearby airplanes as well as the trajectories open for them, they are in a better position to decide what to do with their aircraft while approaching to land.One example of a technology that can initiate the transition from antiquated air traffic management systems to free flight is an equipment called Cock pit display of traffic information or (CDTI) and data link communications system. According to those who are knowledgeable about this system, One function of CDTI will be to help pilots understand where traffic outside can be spotted and thus aid them I calling out traffic in sight’ by replacing traditional role of ATC I guiding attention through oral instructions (e.g. watch for traffic, 10:00 high, 2 miles out). In the case of the data link, the intention is to provide a visual text version of instructions (e. g. climb to flight level 220). (Wickens Goh, 2003). Figure 1, is one of the best illustration that can help explain the weakness of the traditional system of communication when there is an over reliance on auditory messages. Fig. 2. CDTI can be seen on the black display on the left while the data link messages can be seen in the white rectangle just above CDTI.(Source: Wickens Goh, 2003) Problems Encountered While there is great promise to the use of free flight sys tems there are those who have reservations to quickly adopting the new method of air traffic management. For one, This alteration could have major implications for a single-pilot aircraft, in which visual attention is already heavily burdened by responsibilities of instrument-panel scanning and outside-world world monitoring (Wickens Goh, 2003).There are planes that have only one pilot and the technological advances such as the one described in the preceding pages may overwhelm the solitary pilot. But there is one more problem associated with free flight. Even with the use present day aircraft design and instrument panels a pilot is already overburdened by the need to pay careful attention to the details of the flight. Thus, †¦changing from auditory to visual communication in an already very busy visual environment (Wickens Goh, 2003), can be a tough challenge.

Insects - Insecta - The Animal Encyclopedia

Insects - Insecta - The Animal Encyclopedia Insects (Insecta) are the most diverse of all animal groups. There are more species of insects than there are species of all other animals combined. Their numbers are nothing short of remarkable - both in terms of how many individual insects there are, as well as how many species of insects there are. In fact, there are so many insects that no one knows quite how to count them all - the best we can do is make estimates. Scientists approximate that there may be as many as 30 million species of insects alive today. To date, over one million have been identified. At any one time, the number of individual insects alive on our planet is staggering - some scientists estimate that for every human alive today there are 200 million insects. The success of insects as a group is also reflected by the diversity of habitats in which they  live. Insects are most numerous in terrestrial environments such as deserts, forests, and grasslands. They are likewise numerous in freshwater habitats such as ponds, lakes, streams, and wetlands. Insects are relatively scarce in marine habitats but are more common in brackish waters such as salt marshes and mangroves. Key Characteristics The  key characteristics of insects include: Three main body partsThree pairs of legsTwo pairs of wingsCompounds eyesMetamorphosisComplex mouth partsOne pair of antennaeSmall body size Classification Insects are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Invertebrates Arthropods Hexapods Insects Insects are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Angel insects (Zoraptera) - There are about 30 species of angel insects alive today. Members of this group are small, hemimetabolous insects, which means they undergo a form of development that includes three stages (egg, nymph, and adult) but lacks a pupal stage. Angel insects are small and are most often found living under the bark of trees or in rotting wood.Barklice and booklice (Psocoptera) - There are about 3,200 species of barklice and booklice alive today. Members of this group include granary booklice, booklice, and common barklice. Barklice and booklice live in moist terrestrial habitats such as in leaf litter, under stones, or in the bark of trees.Bees, ants, and their relatives (Hymenoptera) - There are about 103,000 species of bees, ants, and their relatives alive today. Members of this group include bees, wasps, horntails, sawflies, and ants. Sawflies and horntails have a body that is joined by a broad section between their thorax and abdomen. Ants, bees, and wasps have a body that is joined by a narrow section between their thorax and abdomen. Beetles (Coleoptera) - There are more than 300,000 species of beetles alive today. Members of this group have a hard exoskeleton and a pair of rigid wings (called elytra) that serve as protective covers for their larger and more delicate  hind wings. Beetles live in a wide variety of terrestrial and freshwater habitats. They are the most diverse group of insects alive today.Bristletails (Archaeognatha) - There are about 350 species of bristletails alive today. Members of this group do not undergo metamorphosis (immature bristletails resemble smaller versions of adults). Bristletails have a cylindrical body that tapers to a narrow bristle-like tail.Caddisflies (Trichoptera) - There are more than 7,000 species of caddisflies alive today. Members of this group have aquatic larvae that build a protective case in which they live. The case is constructed of silk produced by the larva and also incorporates other materials such as organic debris, leaves, and twigs. Adults are nocturnal and short-lived. Cockroaches (Blattodea) - There are about 4,000 species of cockroaches alive today. Members of this group include cockroaches and waterbugs. Cockroaches are scavengers. They are most abundant in tropical and subtropical habitats although their distribution is worldwide.Crickets and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) - There are more than 20,000 species of crickets and grasshoppers alive today. Members of this group include crickets, grasshoppers, locusts, and katydids. Most are terrestrial herbivores and many species have powerful hind legs that are well-adapted  for jumping.Damselflies and dragonflies (Odonata) - There are more than 5,000 species of damselflies and dragonflies alive today. Members of this group are predators in both the nymph and adult stages of their life cycles (damselflies and dragonflies are hemimetabolous insects and, as such, they lack the pupal stage in their development). Damselflies and dragonflies are skilled fliers that feed on smaller (and less skilled) flying insects such as mosquitos and gnats. Earwigs (Dermaptera) - There are about 1,800 species of earwigs alive today. Members of this group are nocturnal scavengers and herbivores. The adult form of many species of earwigs  has cerci (the rear-most segment of their abdomen) that are modified into elongated pincers.Fleas (Siphonaptera) - There are about 2,400 species of fleas alive today. Members of this group include cat fleas, dog fleas, human fleas, rabbit fleas, oriental rat fleas, and many others. Fleas are blood-sucking parasites that prey primarily on mammals. A small percentage of flea species prey on birds.Flies (Diptera) - There are about 98,500 species of flies alive today. Members of this group include mosquitos, horse flies, deer flies, house flies, fruit flies, crane flies, midges, robber flies, bot flies, and many others. Although flies have one pair of wings (most flying insects have two pairs of wings), they  are nevertheless highly-skilled  fliers. Flies have the highest wing-beat frequency of any liv ing animal. Mantids (Mantodea) - There are about 1,800 species of mantids alive today. Members of this group have a triangular head, elongated bodies, and raptorial forelegs. Mantids are well-known for the prayer-like posture in which they hold their front legs. Mantids are predatory insects.Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) - There are more than 2,000 species of mayflies alive today. Members of this group are aquatic in the egg, nymph, and naiad (immature) stages of their life. Mayflies lack a pupal stage in their development. Adults have wings that do not fold flat over their back.Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) - There are more than 112,000 species of moths and butterflies alive today. Moths and butterflies are the second most diverse group of insects alive today. Members of this group include swallowtails, milkweed butterflies, skippers, clothes moths, clearwing moths, lappet moths, giant silk moths, hawk moths, and many others. Adult moths and butterflies have large wings that are covered with t iny scales. Many species have scales that are colorful and patterned with complex markings. Nerve-Winged Insects (Neuroptera) - There are about 5,500 species of nerve-winged insects alive today. Members of this group include dobsonflies, alderflies, snakeflies, green lacewings, brown lacewings, and antlions. Adult forms of nerve-winged insects have highly-branched venation in their wings. Many species of nerve-winged insects act as predators to agricultural pests, such as aphids and scale insects.Parasitic lice (Phthiraptera) - There are about 5,500 species of parasitic lice alive today. Members of this group include bird lice, body lice, pubic lice, poultry lice, ungulate lice, and mammal chewing lice. Parasitic lice lack wings and live as external parasites on mammals and birds.Rock crawlers (Grylloblattodea) - There are about 25 species of rock crawlers alive today. Members of this group lack wings as adults and have long antennae, a cylindrical body, and long tail bristles. Rock crawlers are among the least diverse of all insect groups. They live in high-elevation habit ats. Scorpionflies (Mecoptera) - There are about 500 species of scorpionflies alive today. Members of this group include common scorpionflies and hanging scorpionflies. Most adult scorpionflies have a long slender head and narrow wings with highly-branched venation.Silverfish (Thysanura) - There are about 370 species of silverfish alive today. Members of this group have a flattened body that is covered with scales, Silverfish are so named for their fish-like appearance. They are wingless insects and have long antennae and cerci.Stoneflies (Plecoptera) - There are about 2,000 species of stoneflies alive today. Members of this group include common stoneflies, winter stoneflies, and spring stoneflies. Stoneflies are so named for the fact that as nymphs, they live beneath stones. Stonefly nymphs require well-oxygenated water to survive and for this reason, are found in  swift-moving streams and rivers. Adults are terrestrial and live at the edges of streams and rivers where they feed on alg ae and lichens. Stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) - There are about 2,500 species of stick and leaf insects alive today. Members of this group are best known for the fact that they mimic the appearance of sticks, leaves, or twigs. Some species of stick and leaf insects are capable of changing color in response to alterations in light, humidity, or temperature.Termites (Isoptera) - There are about 2,300 species of termites alive today. Members of this group include termites, subterranean termites, rotten wood termites, dry wood termites, and damp wood termites. Termites are social insects that live in large communal nests.Thrips (Thysanoptera) - There are more than 4,500 species of thrips alive today. Members of this group include predatory thrips, common thrips, and tube-tailed thrips. Thrips are much maligned as pests and are known to destroy a variety of  grain, vegetable, and fruit crops.True Bugs (Hemiptera) - There are about 50,000 species of bugs alive today. Members of this group include plant bugs, seed bugs, and stink bugs. True bugs  have distinct front wings that, when not in use, lie flat on the insects back. Twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera) - There are about 532 species of twisted-wing parasites alive today. Members of this group are internal parasites during the larval and pupal stages of their development. They parasitize a variety of insects including grasshoppers, leafhoppers, bees, wasps, and many others. After pupating, adult male twisted-wing parasites leave their host. Adult females remain within the host and only partially emerge to mate and then return to the host while young develop inside the females abdomen, emerging within the host later.Web-spinners (Embioptera) - There are about 200 species of web-spinners alive today. Members of this group are unique among insects in that they have silk glands in their front legs. Web-spinners also have enlarged hind legs that enable them to scurry backward through the tunnels of their underground nests. References Hickman C, Robers L, Keen S, Larson A, IAnson H, Eisenhour D. Integrated Principles of Zoology 14th ed. Boston MA: McGraw-Hill; 2006. 910 p.Meyer, J. General Entomology Resource Library. 2009. Published online at https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/course/ent425/index.html.Ruppert E, Fox R, Barnes R. Invertebrate  Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach. 7th ed. Belmont CA: Brooks/Cole; 2004. 963 p.

Knolege creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Knolege creation - Essay Example Modern day business research has become restricted to what Tranfield and Starkey refer to as ‘academic fundamentalism’ ( 1998, page 350) . The research concentrates on the theoretical and has little on no practical value for business, but is published purely for selfish reasons, as a means of career enhancement. Their findings are ignored by real business practitioners and read instead the works of management gurus such as Jack and Suzy Welch’s ‘Winning: The Ultimate Business How-to Book’ ( 2005) in order to discover how best to manage their companies. The usual image of a researcher is someone in a flapping white coat, standing in a laboratory surrounded by flasks, retorts and bottles trying to find a new solution to a medical or chemical problem. It is difficult to imagine what a ‘business school researcher’ must look like. It seems to me that the most advantageous future of business schools would be an amalgam of the best of academics and or practise, as described by Starkey and Tempest (2008, pp. ... There is, as always, a need for people trained in the basics of finance , in accounting , human resources and so on, and some people will always stay at these levels. . Managers and, even more so, business leaders require knowledge of these fundamentals of good business, but other things are needed too, such as psychology or philosophy. In mid-level business schools such studies can be provided, and be financed by a variety of sources – government grants, student fees as well as obtaining funds from business backers. If actually receiving funds from businesses their research is more likely to the real needs of business. The economy is going through difficulties worldwide, and this includes the economies of education. All around the globe, if not now, very soon, government funding will be reduced or cut completely. How will the business schools survive? A few perhaps could concentrate their resources and limit themselves to niche aspects of business studies. Failure to do this might result in them becoming merely trade schools. Other schools could turn their resources to promoting environmentally sustainable and profitable businesses, and yet more could set their sights on international co-operation and management. The remainder could specialize upon socially responsible business management in societies that are nevertheless capitalistic. The non-monetary connections between the academic world and that of business could be increased if there were individuals prepared to move more often, an dif this were made easier – from business to academia, from academia to government, from politics to academia. This would result in a combination of academic research and better work place practise.